Thermal conductivity yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, xws li los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los tsim kho. To kev nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv yog thermally coj thiab vim li cas tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm hauv cov teb no.

Taw qhia rau Thermal Condivity

Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais, thermal conductivity yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom los ua kom muaj cua sov. Cov cuab yeej no nyob ntawm cov qauv thiab kev sib txuas ntawm atoms hauv cov khoom siv. Cov hlau, piv txwv, nthuav qhia cov cua sov kev ua haujlwm siab vim yog cov hluav taws xob dawb uas pab txhawb hluav taws xob hloov chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li tooj liab, txhuas, thiab cov nyiaj no feem ntau siv hauv cov ntawv thov uas kub tsis muaj cua sov yog qhov tsim nyog. Lawv siab thermal conductivity ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev siv nyob rau hauv lub dab dej tshav kub, kev sib pauv hluav taws xob, thiab ntau yam hluav taws xob.

Cov hlau: cov qauv ntawm thermal conductivity

Cov hlau yog thoob ntiaj teb lees paub rau lawv cov thermal zoo tshaj plaws. Ntawm lawv, tooj liab thiab txhuas yog nquag ua hauj lwm rau hauv kev tsim khoom vim lawv cov nqi - ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Tooj liab, txawm tias ntau dua kim, muaj kev coj zoo dua thiab feem ntau yog siv qhov twg kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw kub. Aluminium, thaum tsis yog tus neeg tooj liab, muab lub teeb ci sib dua thiab ntau dua cov kev xaiv pheej yig, ua rau nws nrov nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau pom hauv cov khoom tsim tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam thermal codal

Tsis yog - Metallic Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Thaum cov hlau yog zoo - paub txog lawv cov khoom ua tau zoo, qee yam tsis yog (cov ntaub ntawv hlau tsis tseem ceeb. Graphite thiab pob zeb diamond sawv tawm hauv pawg no. Graphite, vim nws cov qauv txheej txheem, pab txhawb kev hloov cua sov raws cov chaw muaju. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov ntawv thov zoo li cov khoom siv thermal interface thiab cov roj teeb thev naus laus zis. Pob zeb diamond, muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws uas paub thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom siv tshwm sim los, yog siv hauv qhov siab - kev ua yeeb yam kub. Txawm hais tias nws siv yog txwv los ntawm tus nqi, hluavtaws diamonds yog ua kom muaj zog zuj zus rau kev siv siab - cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.

Ceramics thiab Composites

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, ceramics thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw tau txais kev mloog rau lawv cov khoom cua sov. Advanced ceramics, xws li txhuas nitride thiab silex carbide, muab qhov thermal thermal caperivity txuas nrog rwb thaiv hluav taws xob. Qhov kev sib xyaw no yog muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv hluav taws xob substrates thiab ntim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, uas muab cov khoom siv ua ke nrog cov polymers lossis lwm cov matrices, tso cai rau cov khoom siv thermal thermal. Cov kev sib xyaw no tau ua kom haum kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, kom dav ntawm cov ntawv thov thermally.

Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab

Kev nrhav kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv mus tsav cov kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thermally. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov pa roj carbon - cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov ntaub ntawv carbon nanotubes thiab graphene, yog nthuav ntawm cov kab ntawm thermal tswj. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj lub peev xwm rau cov cua sov thermal condition nrog lub teeb ci thiab hloov tau cov khoom. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tau zuj zus, cov khoom siv tawm no yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov thev naus laus zis yav tom ntej.

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To taub lub thermal conductivity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim qauv zoo thiab kev thov hauv kev lag luam ntau yam. Los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau mus rau lub tswv yim tshiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no, txhua hom muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Lub chaw tsim khoom thermal codal cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum nyob nraum zoov ntawm cov kev tsim kho no los muab cov kev tswj hwm kom nruj. Qhov kev hloov zuj zus nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv science uas cog lus los txhim kho cov efficiency thiab kev ua tau zoo yav tom ntej thev naus laus zis.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb, lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom coj los ua kom muaj qhov kub yog li nws cov thermal conductivity. Siab thermal conductivity yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau hloov cua sov uas ua tau zoo, xws li hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsheb, thiab kev lag luam lag luam, thiab aerospace, thiab aerospace kev lag luam. Ob peb cov ntaub ntawv nthuav qhia cov cua sov zoo dua qub, qiv nyiaj rau lawv tus kheej rau cov ntawv tseem ceeb no.

Aws cov hlau: cov cim rau cov thermal conductivity

Cov hlau muaj npe nrov rau lawv cov thermal zoo heev, feem ntau vim muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob dawb uas yooj yim hloov pauv thaum tshav kub hloov. Ntawm cov hlau me, tooj liab thiab txhuas yog cov khoom siv kub tshaj plaws. Tooj liab boasts ib thermal conductivity ntawm kwv yees li 400 w / min k, ua rau nws xaiv qhov kev sib pauv hluav taws xob uas nyiam dua thiab kev hloov cua sov. Nws zoo tshaj qhov ua tau zoo dua yog ua tiav los ntawm nws cov mallability thiab corrosion tsis kam, ntxiv rau nws cov versatility.

Aluminium ua raws li cov thermal conductivity ntawm kwv yees li 235 w / min. Txawm hais tias nws ntog luv luv ntawm tooj liab, txhuas qis ceev thiab tus nqi ua rau nws muaj kev zoo nkauj hauv qhov hnyav - Cov ntawv thov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yooj yim ntawm cov fabrications tso cai rau ntau cov ntawv thov, los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Ansus Tsis Muaj Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Kub Hlau

Kev nrhiav kev nrhiav ntawm lub thermal conductivity tsis txwv rau cov hlau. Qee cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog - Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ua rau muaj cua sov kub, nrog cov khoom siv roj carbon - Pob zeb diamond, cov pa roj carbon nanotubes, thiab graphene nyob ntawm thawj ntawm pawg no.

Pob zeb diamond yog lub ntuj ceeb tsheej, nrog lub thermal conductivity tshaj 2000 w / m · k, ua rau nws cov khoom siv uas paub nyiam tshaj plaws. Thaum nws tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab them tus nqi txwv nws siv thoob plaws, hluavtaws hluav taws xob tau nce qib hauv siab - Kev ua yeeb yam hluav taws xob thiab txiav - cov tshuaj siv ntawm tshuab.

Graphene, nrog nws ob - qauv qauv ntawm cov roj ntsha atoms, muaj kev tshwj xeeb thermal conductivity, surpassing 5000 w / min k. Cov khoom siv cua sov no tau ntes cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb, tsav los ntawm nws lub peev xwm hauv cov ntawv thov thermal. Graphene qhov yooj yim thiab lub zog ua rau nws xav tau kev xaiv kom txaus siab rau kev siv hluav taws xob miniaturized uas qhov chaw thiab cua sov dissipation yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb kub.

Ceramics: Ib qho kev hloov pauv Frontier

Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm thermal uas tsis zoo vim yog lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo ionic. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv engineering tau coj mus rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov pa sib xyaw ua ke uas ua rau muaj kev txhim kho kub tshav kub. Boron Nitride thiab Aluminium Nitride piv txwv.

Boron Nitride, feem ntau hu ua "Kev Thoj Dawb," muaj lub thermal centerivity uas tuaj yeem mus txog 400 w / min k thaum siv hauv nws daim ntawv hexagonal. Nws tshwj xeeb ua ke ntawm thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev ua rau nws incaluable hauv cov ntawv thov xws li siab - Kev ua tau zoo thermal interface interface interface cov ntaub ntawv.

Aluminium Nitride yog lwm cov khoom siv tshav kub cov khoom siv uas tau pom nce ntxiv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nrog lub thermal conductivity ntawm kwv yees li ntawm 180 w / min k, nws ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov kub thaum muab cov rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob, ua kom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv hluav taws xob hauv cov microelectrates.

● Xaus lus xaus: Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua kom sov

Qhov kev tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov thermal high thermal yog raws li muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Raws li thev naus laus zis kev nce qib thiab kev xav tau rau kev tswj hwm thermal thermal nce, tshawb nrhiav cov khoom tshiab thiab cov khoom sib sau ua ke txuas ntxiv. Thaum hlau nyob ruaj khov, kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog koj yog cov khoom siv hlau thiab cov ceramics advanced ceramics yog rov ua cov toj roob hauv pes. Lub neej yav tom ntej yuav undenuly pom tau ntau dua cov ntaub ntawv cua sov tshiab, tsav los ntawm qhov uas puas tau muaj kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam.

Thermal conductivity yog ib qho khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb, feem ntau qhia txog kev haum rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Nkag siab txog dab tsi tsim cov khoom siv uas cuam tshuam tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis thiab ntau daim ntawv thov.

Nkag siab thermal conductivity

Thermal conductivity yog kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj cua sov. Nws yog feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv watts rau ib meter '- Kelvin (W / MIN. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov thermal siab conductivity yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov cheeb tsam uas yuav tsum muaj cov hluav taws xob ua kom muaj zog, thiab cov kev siv cua sov, thiab siv cua sov engineing. Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis xav tau nce, yog li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov cua sov zoo tshaj plaws.

Lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv kub ua

Ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj lub npe, pob zeb diamond yog cov kev coj ua tshaj plaws. Nrog rau lub thermal conductivity ntawm kwv yees li 2000 w / min k, pob zeb diamond loj surpasses lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li hlau, thiab ceramics. Cov cuab yeej no yog vim nws cov qauv muaj loty lothat, uas tso cai rau phonons, lossis cua sov - Nqa cov lus qhia los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab nrog kev tiv thaiv tsawg nrog kev tiv taus tsawg. Qhov no zoo heev cov cua kub ua rau lub pob zeb diamond tsis muaj nqis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas muaj kev tswj hwm thermal ua rau thermal yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

Muab cov cua kub coj los sib txawv

Thaum lub pob zeb diamond teev qhov benchmark, lwm cov ntaub ntawv tseem pom tias thermalthy thermal conductivity. Graphene, ib txheej ntawm cov roj carbon atoms teem rau hauv ob qho - honecomb ntxaij ua rau muaj qhov tseem ceeb nyob ib puag ncig 5000 w / may. Txawm hais tias nws ua tau zoo, Graphene cov ntawv thov tau txwv vim muaj kev sib tw hauv cov thev naus laus zis loj.

Cov hlau xws li tooj liab thiab txhuas kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua rau lawv lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj cua sov, nrog kev coj ua cua sov ntawm 385 W /Th k, ntsig txog. Cov hlau no tau siv dav thoob plaws kev lag luam vim lawv muaj, raug nqi - ua tau zoo, thiab sib npaug ntawm thermal conductivity nrog lwm cov khoom siv me me. Txawm hais tias lawv poob luv ntawm pob zeb diamond cov cua kub ua tiav prowess, lawv nyob twj ywm ua kom zoo rau ntau qhov kev tswj hwm ntau thermal.

Cov ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev

Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov cua kub zoo dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau yam kev lag luam ntau ntau. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tswj tshav kub yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua kom muaj kev ua tiav. Pob zeb diamond, seb lub ntuj lossis hluavtaws, yog siv nyob rau hauv lub dab dej tshav kub thiab semiconductor substrates. Nws qhov zoo kawg thermal conductivity dispipates kub ua tau zoo, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab ntev ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib xyaw.

Graphene, txawm hais tias tseem muaj feem ntau nyob rau theem kev tshawb fawb thiab kev cog lus, tuav cov kev cog lus rau yav tom ntej tswj thiab khoom siv zog. Nws qhov kev ua kom muaj cua sov zoo tshaj plaws tau tshawb xyuas rau cov peev xwm siv nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus txuas ntxiv - Generation Electronics thiab cov khoom siv.

Cov Kev Sib Tw thiab Yav Tom Ntej

Txawm tias muaj kev muaj thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo, cov nyom nyob nyob. Tus nqi thiab cov pa taws ntawm kev tsim lub pob zeb diamond thiab graphene yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ib qho ntxiv, ua ke cov ntaub ntawv no rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov cua sov yuav tsum tau ua tiav kev nce qib ntxiv.

Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yog npaj rau kev kov yeej cov kev nyuaj no, tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, thiab txhim kho lub thermal conductivity ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw, cov pob zeb diamond lossis graphene tau sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj, yog cov khoom siv tau cog lus nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.

Hauv kev xaus, thaum pob zeb diamond tam sim no tuav lub npe rau cov khoom siv uas ua kom sov siab tshaj plaws, kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus thawb cov ciaj ciam ntawm qhov ua tau. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kom pom los yog synthesize cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov cua sov uas muaj peev xwm ntau dua muaj peev xwm muaj qhov tsis muaj zog thiab kev lom zem nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv science.

Taw qhia rau cov ntaub ntawv kub

Nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv twg tuaj yeem ua cov cua sov kom muaj zog yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau thaj chaw rau kev siv hauv tsev txhua hnub. Cov ntaub ntawv cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm hloov chaw ntawm lub zog thermal. Cov ntaub ntawv no txawv nyob rau hauv lawv lub peev xwm los ua kom kub, ua rau nws tseem ceeb kom xaiv txoj cai rau ib daim ntawv thov.

Key Khoom Siv Cua Kub

1. Hlau

Cov hlau zoo nkauj tau zoo - paub rau lawv cov cua sov zoo heev. Ntawm cov no, tooj liab thiab txhuas sawv tawm vim lawv siab thermal conductivity. Tooj liab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tshav kub sib pauv, radiators, thiab ua noj ua noj ua haus vim tias nws hloov chaw kub sai thiab zoo. Aluminium, txawm hais tias me ntsis tsawg dua li tooj liab, muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke uas zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li cov khoom siv cua sov thiab ua cov khoom siv fais fab. Nyiaj, thaum tsis siv tau vim nws tus nqi, yog qhov tseeb yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov cua sov.

2. Ceramics

Ceramics feem ntau siv thaum sib npaug ntawm thermal conductivity thiab lwm yam khoom, xws li hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, yog qhov tsim nyog. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li txhuas nitride thiab silicon carbide tau siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vim lawv lub peev xwm ua kom muaj cua sov thaum tswj cov hluav taws xob tsis kam. Cov ntaub ntawv no pom cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab ntim khoom hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob.

3. Graphite thiab carbon - Raws ntaub ntawv

Graphite, ib daim ntawv ntawm carbon, yog ib cov khoom siv kub tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb hauv cov phiaj xwm kev taw qhia. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov, los ntawm kev tswj thermal hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv siab siab. Graphene, cov khoom siv ntse tau muab los ntawm graphite, cov khoom pov thawj zoo zoo thermal conductivity thiab yog cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv rau kev siv yav tom ntej thev naus laus zis.

4. Thermal interface cov ntaub ntawv

Hauv ntau cov kev siv thev naus laus zis uas kub dissipation yog qhov tseem ceeb, thermal interface cov ntaub ntawv (sijhawm, siv los txhim kho cov cua sov sib txuas ntawm cov chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke fitters thiab cov polymer matrix, muab txhais tau tias zoo txhais tau tias kev hloov kho cua sov hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, los ntawm CPUs los ua.

Xaiv cov cua sov ua cov khoom cua kub

Xaiv cov khoom siv kub uas tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog thermal conductivity, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov hnyav, thiab tus nqi. Hauv cov ntawv thov siab - kev ua tau zoo, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li cov nyiaj lossis graphene yuav raug xaiv rau lawv cov phiaj xwm zoo dua, thaum txhuas lossis graphite tej zaum yuav nyiam. Ib qho ntxiv, cov kev mob ib puag ncig, xws li raug rau corrosion lossis kub siab, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom xaiv.

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Cov ntaub ntawv cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa tshav kub hloov pauv hauv cov ntawv thov loj. Thaum cov hlau zoo li tooj liab thiab txhuas nyob twj ywm xws li cov ntaub ntawv ntau yam li ceramics thiab graphene tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv. Kev xaiv ceev faj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, raws li lawv cov khoom ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab tag nrho cov khoom muaj cai, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov thermal. Tshuab thev naus laus zis, kev txhim kho thiab siv cov khoom siv tshiab yuav nthuav tawm, muab ntau qhov kev daws teeb meem kub.