Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab - polyimide (1)

Polyimide, tag nrho-rounder nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv polymer, tau aroused qhov kev txaus siab ntawm ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, thiab qee lub lag luam kuj tau pib tsim - peb tus kheej cov khoom siv polyimide.
I. Txheej txheem cej luam
Raws li cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb engineering, polyimide tau siv dav hauv aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, nanometer, kua siv lead ua, sib cais membrane, laser thiab lwm yam.Tsis ntev los no, lub teb chaws tau teev cov kev tshawb fawb, kev loj hlob thiab kev siv ntawmpolyimideraws li ib qho kev cog lus zoo tshaj plaws engineering plastics nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st.Polyimide, vim nws cov yam ntxwv zoo hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib txuas, txawm tias nws yog siv los ua cov khoom siv los yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, nws cov ntawv thov loj heev tau lees paub tag nrho, thiab nws yog lub npe hu ua "tus kws tshaj lij daws teeb meem" (protion solver ), thiab ntseeg tias "tsis muaj polyimide, yuav tsis muaj microelectronics technology niaj hnub no".

Thib ob, kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyimide
1. Raws li kev soj ntsuam thermogravimetric ntawm tag nrho cov aromatic polyimide, nws decomposition kub yog feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 500 ° C.Polyimide synthesized los ntawm biphenyl dianhydride thiab p-phenylenediamine muaj ib tug thermal decomposition kub ntawm 600 ° C thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau thermally ruaj khov polymers txog tam sim no.
2. Polyimide tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, xws li hauv cov kua helium ntawm -269 ° C, nws yuav tsis nkig.
3. Polyimidemuaj zoo heev mechanical zog.Lub zog tensile ntawm unfilled plastics yog siab tshaj 100Mpa, zaj duab xis (Kapton) ntawm homophenylene polyimide yog siab tshaj 170Mpa, thiab biphenyl hom polyimide (UpilexS) mus txog 400Mpa.Raws li ib tug engineering yas, tus nqi ntawm cov zaj duab xis elastic feem ntau yog 3-4Gpa, thiab fiber ntau tuaj yeem ncav cuag 200Gpa.Raws li theoretical xam, fiber ntau synthesized los ntawm phthalic anhydride thiab p-phenylenediamine tuaj yeem ncav cuag 500Gpa, thib ob tsuas yog carbon fiber.
4. Qee hom polyimide yog insoluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab ruaj khov rau dilute acids.Cov ntau yam tsis resistant rau hydrolysis.Qhov no zoo li qhov tsis txaus ua rau polyimide sib txawv ntawm lwm cov polymers ua haujlwm siab.Cov yam ntxwv yog tias cov khoom siv raw dianhydride thiab diamine tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm alkaline hydrolysis.Piv txwv li, rau Kapton zaj duab xis, tus nqi rov qab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 80% -90%.Hloov cov qauv tuaj yeem tau txais ntau hom hydrolysis-resistant, xws li tiv taus 120 ° C, 500 teev ntawm boiling.
5. Lub thermal expansion coefficient ntawm polyimide yog 2 × 10-5 －3 × 10-5 ℃, Guangcheng thermoplastic polyimide yog 3 × 10-5 ℃, biphenyl hom tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10-6 ℃, ib tus neeg ntau yam tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10- 7 ° C.
6. Polyimide muaj hluav taws xob tsis zoo, thiab nws cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj lub zog tuav ntawm 90% tom qab 5 × 109rad ceev electron irradiation.
7. Polyimidemuaj zoo dielectric zog, nrog ib tug dielectric tas li ntawm 3.4.Los ntawm kev qhia fluorine lossis dispersing cua nanometers hauv polyimide, qhov dielectric tas li yuav raug txo kom txog li 2.5.Dielectric poob yog 10-3, dielectric zog yog 100-300KV / hli, Guangcheng thermoplastic polyimide yog 300KV / hli, ntim kuj yog 1017Ω / cm.Cov khoom no tseem nyob rau theem siab tshaj qhov kub thiab txias ntau zaus.
8. Polyimide yog ib qho kev tua tus kheej polymer nrog cov pa luam yeeb tsawg.
9. Polyimide muaj tsawg heev outgassing nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev siab heev.
10. Polyimide tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tais diav thiab cov khoom siv kho mob, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau txhiab tus kab mob.Qee cov polyimides kuj muaj biocompatibility zoo, piv txwv li, lawv tsis yog-hemolytic hauv kev kuaj ntshav sib xws thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv vitro cytotoxicity test.

3. Ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib txuas:
Muaj ntau ntau hom thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm polyimide, thiab muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua ke nws, yog li nws tuaj yeem xaiv raws li ntau yam kev thov.Hom kev hloov pauv no hauv kev sib txuas kuj nyuaj rau lwm cov polymers kom muaj.

1. Polyimideyog tsim los ntawm dibasic anhydrides thiab diamines.Ob lub monomers no tau ua ke nrog ntau lwm cov heterocyclic polymers, xws li polybenzimidazole, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polyquinone Piv nrog monomers xws li phenoline thiab polyquinoline, qhov chaw ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv yog dav, thiab cov synthesis kuj kuj yooj yim.Muaj ntau hom dianhydrides thiab diamines, thiab polyimides nrog cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev sib txawv.
2. Polyimide tuaj yeem ua polycondensed ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm dianhydride thiab diamine nyob rau hauv lub polar solvent, xws li DMF, DMAC, NMP los yog THE/methanol tov hnyav, kom tau soluble polyamic acid, tom qab tsim zaj duab xis los yog spinning cua sov txog li 300 ° C rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab cyclization rau hauv polyimide;acetic anhydride thiab tertiary amine catalysts tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau polyamic acid rau cov tshuaj dehydration thiab cyclization kom tau txais cov tshuaj polyimide thiab hmoov.Diamine thiab dianhydride kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab polycondensed nyob rau hauv lub siab kub kub hnyav, xws li phenolic hnyav, kom tau txais polyimide hauv ib kauj ruam.Tsis tas li ntawd, polyimide kuj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm dibasic acid ester thiab diamine;Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm polyamic acid rau polyisoimide ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau polyimide.Cov txheej txheem no txhua tus coj kev yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm.Tus qub yog hu ua PMR txoj kev, uas tuaj yeem tau txais cov viscosity tsawg, cov khoom siv siab, thiab muaj lub qhov rais uas tsis muaj yaj viscosity thaum ua, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw;tom kawg nce Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho lub solubility, tsis muaj tsawg-molecular tebchaw raug tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm conversion txheej txheem.
3. Ntev npaum li qhov purity ntawm dianhydride (los yog tetraacid) thiab diamine yog tsim nyog, txawm li cas los xij polycondensation txoj kev siv, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom tau ib tug txaus siab molecular hnyav, thiab molecular hnyav tau yooj yim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv unit anhydride los yog ib amine.
4. Polycondensation ntawm dianhydride (los yog tetraacid) thiab diamine, ntev li ntev raws li cov molar piv mus txog qhov sib piv, kev kho cua sov hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom hnyav molecular ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav prepolymer, yog li txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab hmoov sib sau.Tuaj yooj yim.
5. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los qhia cov pab pawg reactive ntawm cov saw hlau kawg los yog cov saw hlau los tsim cov oligomers nquag, yog li tau txais thermosetting polyimide.
6. Siv cov pab pawg carboxyl hauv polyimide los ua esterification lossis ntsev tsim, thiab qhia cov pab pawg photosensitive los yog cov saw ntev alkyl pawg kom tau txais amphiphilic polymers, uas tuaj yeem siv tau kom tau txais photoresists lossis siv rau hauv kev npaj LB films.
7. Cov txheej txheem dav dav ntawm synthesizing polyimide tsis tsim cov ntsev inorganic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv insulating.
8. Cov dianhydride thiab diamine li monomers yooj yim rau sublimate nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev siab, yog li nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau tsim.polyimidezaj duab xis ntawm workpieces, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv nrog qhov tsis sib xws, los ntawm vapor deposition.